Candidates who want to know about the IIT Bombay Cutoff can go through this article of Formefee. Candidates can learn all about the IIT Bombay cutoff, from its recent cutoff of 2023 to its previous cutoffs and what are the requirements for JEE and other entrance exams.

What is Recent News about the IIT Bombay Cutoff?

Students who want to apply for JEE Main 2024 Session 1 have the opportunity to do so until November 30, 2023. In addition, the JEE Main 2024 session 1 exam will be held between January 24 and February 1, 2024. The JEE Main Session 2 test will take place between April 1 and 15, 2024. Some of the most recent IIT Bombay updates are as follows:

• The list of PhD students chosen for the Entrance Test and PI has been announced by IIT Bombay. On November 30 - December 1, 2023, the Civil Engineering department will have interviews. The Aerospace Engineering admissions exam will be given on December 5. The admission exam and interview for Biosciences and Bioengineering will be held on December 6th, 7th, and 8th, 2023. 
• At IIT Bombay Placements 2023, the highest national and worldwide packages were INR 3.7 crore and INR 1.7 crore, respectively. Students at IIT Bombay obtained a total of 300 PPOs, with an average pay of INR 21.8 LPA.
• The IIT Bombay-WashU Joint Degree Executive MBA program is presently accepting applications. The ninth batch will commence operations in January 2024.
• The CAT 2023 exam will take place on November 26, 2023. Admission cards can be obtained from the IIMCAT website by registered applicants.
• IISc Bangalore has closed the application correction window for GATE 2024. GATE 2024 will be held on the following dates: February 3, 4, 10, and 11, 2024.
• The online registration session for IIT JAM 2024 has closed. The IIT JAM 2024 Admit Card will be available for download online on January 8, 2024. In addition, the IIT JAM 2024 test will take place on February 11, 2024.
• The registration period for UCEED 2024 has ended. The UCEED 2024 exam will also be held on January 21, 2024 (9 a.m. - 12 p.m.).
• The registration period for CEED 2024 has ended. Furthermore, the CEED test 2024 will take place on January 21, 2024 (9 a.m. - 12 p.m.). 
• The JEE Advanced 2024 exam dates have been revealed. On May 26, 2024, IIT Madras will host the JEE Advanced 2024 Exam. Between April 21, 2024, and April 30, 2024, candidates can apply for the exam online at jee adv.ac.in.

IIT Bombay is located on 545 acres of land and founded in 1958 that provides over 200 undergraduate, graduate, and research programs. According to the NIRF 2023 rankings, the college ranks third among India's top engineering colleges. In the recently released QS World University Ranking 2024, IIT Bombay is ranked among the top 50 universities in the world. 

The most popular course at IIT Bombay is BTech, followed by MTech, MBA, and MDes programs. JEE Advanced results are used for BTech admissions at IIT Bombay, while CAT scores are utilized for MBA admissions. IIT Bombay administers the CEED test for admission to the MDes program.

The Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (also known as IIT Bombay or IIT Mumbai) was the first public college to be established with the assistance of UNESCO in 1958. In 1961, the Indian Parliament classified it as an Institute of National Importance. It is also a 'Deemed University' and is self-governing. NIRF 2023 ranks IIT Bombay third in the Engineering category, India Today 2023 ranks it second in the Engineering category, and India Today 2023 ranks it second in the Engineering (Government) category. According to the QS World University Rankings 2024, IIT Bombay is placed 149 in the Top Global Universities category and 172 in the QS World Rankings 2023.

IIT Bombay has been classified as an 'Institute of Eminence' by the University Grants Commission. The largest domestic package granted by IIT Bombay placements 2022-2023 was INR 1.68 crore per year, with the average salary package being Rs 21.82 lakhs per year. A centrally air-conditioned library featuring cutting-edge study and research facilities for students, professors, staff, and alumni is one of the IIT Bombay facilities.

IIT Bombay Cutoff Details

The IIT Bombay cutoff 2023 for its various UG and PG programs has been revealed. At the undergraduate level, IIT Bombay provides its flagship course, BTech. The institute admits students to its BTech degree based on JEE Advanced scores and JoSAA counseling. All rounds of cutoff (Rounds 1-6) and seat allotment have been issued by JoSAA. For the general category, the IIT Bombay BTech CSE cutoff 2023 runs from 1-67. 

To gain admission to the BDes program, IIT Bombay administers UCEED entrance exams. The UCEED cutoff for the IIT Bombay BDes course in 2023 spans from 1 to 16. 

At the postgraduate level, IIT Bombay also provides MSc and MTech programs. Admission to the MTech program is based on the candidates' GATE scores. The minimum GATE score for admission to the IIT Bombay MTech program is 650. In addition, IIT Bombay MSc admission recognizes the IIT JAM score, which is followed by counseling. The MSc Biotechnology and Applied Geology closing cutoffs were maintained at 24 and 18, respectively. 

A complete list of cutoffs is provided below to help you have a better knowledge of IIT Bombay's cutoff trend. The list includes round-by-round cutoff comparisons, year-by-year cutoff comparisons, cutoff comparisons with other institutes, and round-by-round cutoff pdfs.

IIT Bombay Cutoff of JEE Advanced: A Comparison of the First and Last Round Cutoffs

The closing rank for BTech in the Last Round ranged from 67 to 9064, with B.Tech. in Computer Science and Engineering being the most competitive specialty, followed by B.Tech. in Electrical Engineering. According to the IIT Bombay cutoff 2023, the Round 1 and Last Round closing ranks for B.Tech. in Computer Science and Engineering for General All India students were 66 and 67, respectively.

During the IIT Bombay cutoff 2022, the Round 1 and Last Round closing ranks for B.Tech. in Computer Science and Engineering were 60 and 305, respectively, indicating a downward tendency for both Round 1 and the Last Round in 2023 for the B.Tech. in Computer Science and Engineering course. Check out the table below to see all of the BTech specializations available at IIT Bombay.

Course	R1 (Closing Position)	Last Round (Final Rank)
B.Tech. in Aerospace Engineering	2568	2694
B.Tech. in Chemical Engineering	2605	2824
B.Tech. in Civil Engineering	4134	4371
B.Tech. in Computer Science and Engineering	66	67
B.Tech. in Electrical Engineering	463	481
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science	4428	4649
B.Tech. in Mechanical Engineering	1691	1736
B.Tech. in Engineering Physics	1125	1749
B.S. in Chemistry	7253	9064
B.S. in Economics	2102	2102
Integrated B.Tech. in Electrical Engineering + M.Tech. in Microelectronics	966	981
B.S. in Mathematics	1567	1704
B.Tech. in Energy Engineering	2694	2855
B.Tech. in Environmental Science and Engineering	5221	5401

IIT Bombay JEE Advanced Cutoff : A Comparison of Rounds 1 and 6

The IIT Bombay cutoff for 2023 has been revealed by the JoSAA counseling. For the IIT Bombay BTech program, JoSAA has announced 1-6 rounds of seat allotment. The following table compares the cutoffs for general category students between Round 1 and Round 6 of IIT Bombay:

Courses	Round 1(Rank Cutoff)	Round 2(Rank Cutoff)
BTech Electrical Engineering	463	481
BTech Mechanical Engineering	1691	1736
BTech Aerospace Engineering	2568	2694
BTech Computer Science Engineering	66	67
BTech Chemical Engineering	2605	2824

IIT Bombay Cutoff of JEE Advanced VS Others

The cutoffs are the minimal marks required to gain admission to the institute. The cutoffs in 2023 will vary due to the difficulty of the entrance exam, the number of students, and the number of seats available at the institute. The following table compares IIT Bombay's JEE Advanced Round 6 starting and closing ranks to those of other IITs:

IITs	IIT Bombay	IIT Delhi	IIT Kharagpur	IIT Roorkee	IIT Madras
JEE Advanced Cutoff	67-9064	118-6690	279-23337	412-20728	148-7996

IIT Bombay Cutoff of GATE

IIT Bombay Cutoff for GATE Cutoff 2023 at: Year-by-Year Comparison

The cutoff for the MTech program at IIT Bombay is dependent on the candidates' GATE results. The IIT Bombay MTech cutoff 2023 has been issued by COAP counseling. IIT Bombay has released 11 rounds of COAP offers for the academic year 2023. The following are the IIT Bombay MTech cutoffs for 2023, 2022, and 2021:

Courses	Cutoff of 2023	Cutoff of 2022	Cutoff of 2021
MTech Transportation Engineering	700	700	700
MTech Computer Science and Engineering	750	750	750
MTech Systems & Control Engineering	650	650	650
MTech Industrial Engineering & Operations Research	650	650	650
MTech Structural Engineering	675	675	675

IIT Bombay Cutoff of JAM

IIT Bombay IIT JAM Cutoff : A Comparison of Rounds 1 and 4

The cutoff for the MSc program at IIT Bombay is determined by the candidates' IIT JAM scores. IIT JAM has announced four rounds of seat allocation for the MSc program. The following are the IIT Bombay MSc program Round 1 and Round 4 cutoff comparisons:

Courses	Round 1(Rank Cutoff)	Round 4(Rank Cutoff)
MSc Applied Geology	17	18
MSc Chemistry	25	25
MSc Mathematics	32	42
MSc Biotechnology	14	24
MSc Physics	29	57

IIT Bombay Cutoffs for IIT JAM: A Year-by-Year Comparison

The following is the IIT Bombay IIT JAM Round 3 closing cutoff for 2023, 2022, and 2021:

Courses	Cutoff of 2023	Cutoff of 2022	Cutoff of 2021
MSc Applied Geology	18	16	578
MSc Biotechnology	15	17	26
MSc Physics	41	34	38
MSc Chemistry	25	28	32
MSc Mathematics	36	30	25

Cutoffs for IIT Bombay and IIT JAM vs. Others

The following table compares IIT Bombay MSc Round 3 opening and closing cutoff 2023 with other IITs:

IITs	IIT Bombay	IIT Delhi	IIT Kharagpur	IIT Roorkee	IIT Madras
JEE Advanced Cutoff	15-662	10-156	28-658	26-218	162-227

IIT Bombay Cutoff of UCEED

IIT Bombay UCEED Cutoff : A Comparison of Rounds 1 and 3

Based on UCEED scores, IIT Bombay provides a B.Des program. The following table compares the IIT Bombay UCEED Round 1 and Round 3 cutoffs for the year 2023:

Course	Round 1(Rank Cutoff)	Round 2(Rank Cutoff)
B.Des	16	16

Cutoff for IIT Bombay UCEED: Year-by-Year Comparison

The following table shows the UCEED cutoff for the years 2023, 2022, and 2021:

Courses	Cutoff of 2023	Cutoff of 2022	Cutoff of 2021
B.Des	16	14	15

JEE Advanced Cutoff for IIT Bombay in Previous Years

The institute's administrators announce the IIT JEE Advanced cutoff for IIT Bombay cutoff. The IIT Bombay cutoff is the minimum and maximum rank that candidates must achieve to be admitted to the institute. The IIT Bombay cutoff is made available to candidates as the opening and closing ranks. Candidates with ranks within the given range may apply for admission to IIT Bombay. The IIT Bombay cutoff for Computer Science Engineering and other branches is determined by some variables, including the total number of candidates who applied for admission, the difficulty level of JEE Advanced, and so on. The previous year's JEE Advanced cutoff for IIT Bombay is updated in this article.

IIT Bombay Cutoff of JEE Advanced 2022

For the benefit of the candidates, we have uploaded the previous year's IIT Bombay cutoff for JEE year 2022. For more details, see the table below.

The minimum rank necessary for admission to the B.Tech program at IIT Bombay is 2022. The cutoff is established by many factors, including the JEE Advanced test rank, seat availability, choice filling, reservation criteria, and so on. The final ranks of all JoSAA 2022 rounds for general category students are as follows:

Courses	Category	Gender Netural	Female only
Aerospace Engineering	OBC	2119	4081
	EWS	496	1325
	General	1211	3680
	SC	726	1141
	ST	396	231
Chemical Engineering	OBC	2081	4591
	EWS	461	1145
	General	1173	3576
	SC	698	1343
	ST	404	695
Civil Engineering	OBC	3471	7079
	EWS	693	1628
	General	1633	4889
	SC	851	1817
	ST	257	612
Computer Science and Engineering	OBC	61	305
	EWS	18	57
	General	51	136
	SC	23	107
	ST	9	55
Electrical Engineering	OBC	369	1341
	EWS	114	203
	General	304	650
	SC	135	534
	ST	102	208
Engineering Physics	OBC	1452	3349
	EWS	649	1187
	General	1569	3254
	SC	774	1684
	ST	615	308
Mechanical Engineering	OBC	1406	3036
	EWS	328	958
	General	836	2465
	SC	369	1039
	ST	222	503
Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science	OBC	3783	8417
	EWS	793	1710
	General	2075	5086
	SC	1066	2312
	ST	602	833
Environmental Science and Engineering	OBC	4736	9590
	EWS	1001	1928
	General	2680	5508
	SC	1469	2454
	ST	847	1239

IIT Bombay Cutoff Eligibility Criteria for JEE Advanced 

To appear in JEE Advanced 2024, a candidate must meet five requirements. JEE Advanced 2024 Eligibility changes will be posted here. The following engineering students are eligible for JEE Advanced:

JEE Advanced 2024 Eligibility Criteria - JEE Main 2024 Performance

• Candidates must rank among the top 2,50,000 in JEE Main 2024 Paper 1 (reserved categories included).
• The total number of candidates may surpass 2,50,000 if there are tied ranks/scores.
• The percentages of candidates considered for shortlisting are as follows: 10% is set out for GEN-EWS, 27% is set aside for OBC-NCL, 15% is set aside for SC, 7.5% is set aside for ST, and the remaining 40.5% is OPEN TO ALL. 
• PwD candidates are entitled for 5% horizontal reservation in each of these four categories.

JEE Advanced 2024: Distribution of the Top 2,50,000 Candidates by Category 

The prior year's application distribution per category is displayed below for candidates' convenience:

Category	The number of "top" candidates	Total: 101250
OPEN	96187
OPEN-PWD	5063
GEN-EWS	23750	Total: 25000
GEN-EWS-PwD	1250
OBC-NCL	64125	Total: 67500
OBC-NCL-PWD	3375
SC	35625	Total: 37500
SC-PWD	1875
ST	17812	Total: 18750
ST-PWD	938

Advanced JEE 2024 Eligibility Criteria 2 - Maximum Age

Candidates must have been born between October 1st, 1998 and October 1st, 1999. Applicants who are SC, ST, or PWD are eligible for a five-year delay; these applicants must have been born on or after October 1, 1993.

Eligibility Criteria for the 3rd JEE Advanced 2024 - Number of Attempts

A candidate may only take JEE Advanced three times in a row.

JEE Advanced 2024 Eligibility Criteria 4 - Class XII Passing Year

Candidates must have graduated from class XII (or equivalent) in either 2021 or 2024, with Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics as compulsory subjects.

JEE Advanced 2024 Eligibility Criteria 5 - Admission to IITs Only

• Candidates who have already been admitted to an IIT/ISM (regardless of program completion) OR accepted an IIT seat by reporting at a reporting center are ineligible to apply.
• Candidates whose admission to IIT was rescinded after they enrolled are ineligible.

Examination for the equivalent of the 12th grade 

• The Association of Indian Universities (AIU) demands a Class XII certificate from an AIU-accredited Central or State Board.
• Final test or two-year course at the National Defence Academy's Joint Services Wing
• The National Institute of Open Schooling administers a senior high school exam that covers at least five subjects.
• Any AIU-accredited school, board, or institution in India or worldwide. Vocational high school exams
• It is necessary to have a three-year certificate from the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) or a State Board of Technical Education.
• Examination for the Advanced (A) level of the General Certificate of Education (GCE) (London, Cambridge, or Sri Lanka).
• Cambridge University High School Certificate Examination or International Baccalaureate Diploma from the International Baccalaureate Office in Geneva

Board Exam Results for Class XII (Or Equivalent)

Candidates seeking IIT admission must meet at least one of the following requirements:

• A minimum grade point average of 75% on class 12 (or equivalent) board exam is necessary. The aggregate marks for SC, ST, and PwD candidates in the Class XII Board examination in 2024 or 2021 should be at least 65%, with Physics, Chemistry, and Math as compulsory subjects.
• Must have received a score in the top 20% of their respective class 12 (or equivalent) board exams in 2024 or 2021, including physics, chemistry, and mathematics. 

If a Board assigns letter grades without a percentage equivalent, the candidate must provide a certificate from the Board demonstrating the corresponding marks against the grades. The aggregate and cut-off marks for meeting the top 20%ile standards will be calculated based on performance in the five disciplines stated below:

• Physics and Chemistry
• Mathematics
• A language (the highest-scoring language will be considered if the individual has taken more than one language).
• Any subject other than the four specified above (the subject with the highest score will be considered).

Eligibility Criteria for JEE Advanced 2024 for Foreign Nationals

Foreign national candidates for JEE Advanced will fall under one of the following categories:

• Non-Indian citizens (naturalized or born)
• Non-OCI (Overseas Citizens of India) and non-PIO (Persons of Indian Origin) are the two sorts of individuals.
• Candidates whose parents are not Indian citizens and do not qualify for OCI/PIO status at the time of JEE Advanced 2024 registration.

Foreign National Seats

Seats for foreign nationals are supernumerary, with a maximum of 10% of total seats in each course.

Foreign National Reservation

Foreign nationals are ineligible for reservations under the OBC-NCL, GEN-EWS, SC, ST, and PwD (Persons with Disabilities) categories of the Government of India.

Eligibility

• If all other qualifying conditions are met, persons interested may apply for JEE Advanced 2024 without taking JEE Main.
• Students must have been born between the 1st of October, 1997 and the 1st of October, 1998. 
• Maximum number of attempts per year: two.
• Appearance in Class 12: A student must have taken the Class 12 (or comparable) exam for the first time between the years 2021 and 2024. 

Class 12 or equivalent exam results

Candidates for admission to IITs must meet at least one of the following requirements:

• A minimum grade point average of 75% on the class 12 (or equivalent) board exam is necessary.
• Must have finished in the top 20% of all class 12 (or equivalent) board test candidates.

The aggregate and cut-off marks for meeting the top 20%ile standards will be calculated based on performance in the five disciplines stated below:

• Physics and Chemistry
• Mathematics
• A language (the highest-scoring language will be considered if the individual has taken more than one language).
• Any subject other than the four specified above (the subject with the highest score will be considered).

What is the GATE Eligibility in General Criteria 2024? 

GATE Eligibility Criterion 2024 - IISc Bangalore has published the GATE 2024 eligibility criterion online at gate2024.iisc.ac.in. GATE test eligibility 2024 includes information on the GATE exam age restriction, nationality, relaxation, and qualification. Candidates must meet the GATE 2024 eligibility criteria to sit for the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering and be deemed qualified for the test. Candidates should read the complete article to learn who is eligible to sit the GATE exam. The GATE 2024 exam will be held online by the authority.

There is no age limit to apply for IIT MTech admission, according to GATE eligibility criteria 2024. Candidates must meet the GATE exam eligibility requirements to take the national-level engineering postgraduate admission exam. As a result, students are advised to read the GATE 2024 eligibility criteria before filling out the GATE applications. Admission requirements for M.Tech degrees at various IITs will be determined separately. Candidates may read the article below for more information on the GATE 2024 qualifying requirements.

Eligibility Criteria for GATE 2024 (General)

Criteria	Eligibility
Nationality	Candidates of Indian origin will be eligible.Candidates from countries other than India will also be considered.
Qualification for the GATE exam	Candidates must hold a bachelor's degree in engineering/technology or a master's degree in a science that is related.GATE 2024 is also open to candidates in the final or pre-final year of their qualifying degree.Candidates who have completed or are in the process of completing their qualifying degree outside of India: Students must be in their third or higher year of study or hold a Bachelor's degree (at least three years) in Engineering, Technology, Science, Arts, or Commerce.
GATE Age Limit	GATE 2024 has no upper age limit.
GATE attempt limit	The GATE attempt limit is not restricted.

What are the Documents required for GATE Exams?

Candidates who apply for the GATE entrance test must upload supporting documentation to meet the GATE exam eligibility criteria 2024. It should be remembered that the GATE 2024 qualifying criteria must be uploaded while filling out the application form. Some crucial issues about the eligibility documents that candidates must file are listed below:

• Candidates who pass the aforementioned qualifying examinations in 2024 or earlier must present the degree certificate/provisional degree certificate/course completion certificate/membership certificate issued by the appropriate authorities.
• If a candidate is projected to meet the GATE eligibility criteria in 2024 or later, he or she must submit a copy of their Provisional Certificate Letter (as issued by the Head of the Institute/Dean/Registrar/Head of Department) or a copy of their AMIE Section A marks card, etc.
• Candidates in the PwD (Persons with Disabilities) category will be required to upload a PwD certificate issued by a recognized authority. Candidates with at least 40% impairment, regardless of type of handicap, will only be eligible for a fee reduction. Candidates must also provide the certificate at the time of admission to the designated institute.
• Candidates having backlogs (failed subjects) in any of their qualifying examination topics must upload a copy of any final year mark sheets given by the institute where they will pursue their qualifying examination. It should be mentioned that the mark sheet downloaded from the internet will not be accepted under any circumstances.
• SC/ST candidates must upload valid document evidence to qualify for a fee reduction. Only certificates issued by authorized officials will be accepted for concession.
• To secure the services of a scribe, dyslexic applicants will need to provide a certificate issued by authorities declaring the same.

Frequently Asked Questions About IIT Bombay Cut Off

Q. What is the cutoff rank for IIT Bombay?

Ans. JEE-Advanced Cutoff 2023, IIT Bombay

Course	R1 (Closing Position)	Last Round (Final Rank)
B.Tech. in Aerospace Engineering	2568	2694
B.Tech. in Chemical Engineering	2605	2824
B.Tech. in Civil Engineering	4134	4371
B.Tech. in Computer Science and Engineering	66	67
B.Tech. in Electrical Engineering	463	481
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science	4428	4649
B.Tech. in Mechanical Engineering	1691	1736
B.Tech. in Engineering Physics	1125	1749
B.S. in Chemistry	7253	9064
B.S. in Economics	2102	2102
Integrated B.Tech. in Electrical Engineering + M.Tech. in Microelectronics	966	981
B.S. in Mathematics	1567	1704
B.Tech. in Energy Engineering	2694	2855
B.Tech. in Environmental Science and Engineering	5221	5401

Q. What is the minimum marks to get into IIT Bombay?

Ans. Candidates must have obtained at least 75% or be in the top 20% of their respective boards' 12th class examinations. There will be a 5% relaxation in this criterion for SC/ST students.

Q. Can I get IIT Bombay with 600 rank?

Ans. A student must have a GATE rank of 200 or lower, or a rank between 600 and 800, to be considered for admission to an IIT. In addition, the student must have a score of 400 to 800.

Q. Can I get IIT with 15000 rank?

Ans. Students with a JEE Advanced rank of less than 15,000 are generally eligible for admission to any IIT in the country.

Q. What is the CSE cutoff for IIT Bombay 2023?

Ans. The most popular course at IIT Bombay is Computer Science and Engineering. As a result, the general category cutoff for IIT Bombay BTech CSE stayed at 1-67.

Q. How many rounds of counseling have been released for the IIT Bombay BTech program?

Ans. Admission to IIT Bombay BTech is based on the JEE Advanced score plus JOSAA counseling. For the academic year 2023, JoSAA has announced 1-6 rounds of cutoff and seat allotment for IIT Bombay, regardless of category.

Q. What was the IIT Bombay MTech cutoff in 2023?

Ans.  IIT Bombay has issued 11 rounds of COAP offers for its MTech program. For the year 2023, the Round 1 MTech cutoff ranges from 325-750 for the general category, 293-675 for the EWS, and 217-500 for SC and ST candidates.

Q. What are the factors determining the IIT Bombay cutoff 2023 for BDes?

Ans.  The IIT Bombay UCEED cutoff 2023 for BDes admission is determined by several variables. The exam's complexity, the previous year's cutoff, and the number of participants and seats available are all considerations. 

Q. What is the IIT Bombay MSc cutoff 2023 for the general category?

Ans.  IIT Bombay MSc cutoff 2023 is available in four rounds. The broad category cutoff 2023 fluctuates roundly. The Round 1 MSc cutoff at IIT Bombay is 14-598, while the Round 4 cutoff is 18-662.

Q. Which branch is best in IIT Bombay?

Ans. Computer Science and Electrical Engineering are the best departments at IIT Bombay. Electrical Engineering with MTech. in Microelectronics is a popular 5-year integrated study. Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Physics are other good courses to take here.